1. Biology of Fixed-Growth Process
Although the fundamental principles of biological processes are the same for all process configurations , the constraints of fixed-growth processes result in particular characteristics of microbial communities and advantages and disadvantages relative to alternative systems. In fixed-growth processes , fluid containing necessary nutrients passes over the microorganisms growing in a biofilm on a support surface. Nutrients diffuse into the biofilm and are metabolizes by the immobilized microorganisms.
2. MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)
The main characteristic of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) configurations is that there is no sludge recycle from a secondary clarifier. MBBR is essentially a simple , once-through process , where all of the biological activity takes place on the biomass carriers. MBBR is usually followed by a solids separation system such as a secondary clarifier or DAF , in order to separate bio-solids produced in the process from the final effluent. The main advantage of MBBR is robust and simple reduction of soluble pollutants (soluble BOD or COD , NH4+ , etc.) , with minimal process complexity , utilizing a significantly smaller footprint when compared to conventional aerobic treatment methods. MBBR is typically used for either high load industrial applications or for robust simple-to-operate municipal facilities.
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